In the speech, Lincoln sought to reassure the seceded states and the broader nation that his administration would uphold the Constitution and the laws of the United States. He stated that he had no intention, constitutional authority, or inclination to interfere with slavery where it already existed, while emphasizing his duty to “preserve, protect, and defend” the Union.
Lincoln framed secession as both legally unfounded and practically destabilizing, arguing that the Union was “perpetual” and could not be dissolved at will without descending into disorder. He urged adherence to constitutional processes and majority rule, balanced by legal restraints.
While pledging that the government would hold and occupy federal property, Lincoln also made clear that he would not be the first to resort to force, though he would respond to any act of aggression against the United States.
The address concluded with a plea for unity and reconciliation, appealing to Americans on both sides of the sectional divide to see one another as “friends” rather than enemies and to trust in what he called the “better angels of our nature.”
The speech is widely regarded as a defining statement of Lincoln’s commitment to Union and constitutional order on the eve of the Civil War.
“Plainly, the central idea of secession, is the essence of anarchy.”
— Abraham Lincoln Primary source“The Union is much older than the Constitution. It was formed in fact, by the Articles of Association in 1774. It was matured and continued by the Declaration of Independence in 1776.”
— Abraham Lincoln Primary source“One section of our country believes slavery is right, and ought to be extended, while the other believes it is wrong, and ought not to be extended.”
— Abraham Lincoln Primary source“Intelligence, patriotism, Christianity, and a firm reliance on Him, who has never yet forsaken this favored land, are still competent to adjust, in the best way, all our present difficulty.”
— Abraham Lincoln Primary source“I hold, that in contemplation of universal law, and of the Constitution, the Union of these States is perpetual. Perpetuity is implied, if not expressed, in the fundamental law of all national governments.”
— Abraham Lincoln Primary source“The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield, and patriot grave, to every living heart and hearth-stone, all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature.”
— Abraham Lincoln Primary source• Title: First Inaugural Address
• Author: Abraham Lincoln
• Type: Speech
• Publisher: n/a
• Publication time: March 4, 1861
• Publication place: Washington, D.C., US
• Link: https://www.abrahamlincolnonline.org/lincoln/speeches/1inaug.htm
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